Obesity is excess body fat, which leads to a too high
weight. Increased predisposition to many diseases and reduces life expectancy.
In normal conditions the human body is constituted, in
part, by fat. They serve as an energy reserve and stored in adipose tissue
cells or adipose, they are called adipocytes. In many people, there is excess
fat stored, giving rise to excessive weight. Depending on the importance of
this excess, speaking of overweight (slightly higher weight) or obesity (weight
too high).
Forms
Obesity can start from childhood or adulthood appear. Some
obese have eating disorders. In some cases it may detect a specific triggering
event, which is followed by a rapid increase in weight. In other situations, Obesity
is becoming progressively, for years. Adipose tissue is distributed differently
from one person to another. According to the body area dominated, there are two
types of obesity:
Obesity ginecoide. Manifested by fatty deposits
located in the lower body (buttocks, hips and legs). Is presented, especially in women.
Android Obesity. Characterized by fatty deposits which are
found in the trunk and the abdomen. This form of obesity is accompanied by an
excess of fat inside the abdomen, around the gut. It typically male. It is the
most seriousbecause it can cause a variety of complications: for example, diabetes, excess cholesterol,
hypertension and cardiac and vascular accidents.
Causes
There are three important factors that may be at the
origin of obesity:
Hereditary factors. Children whose parents are obese are more at risk of
being than children whose parents are of normal weight. Moreover, the importance and
distribution of fat tissue are determined by genetic factors. Different aspects
of the assimilation of food by the body and behavior that predisposes to
obesity (p. for example., likes food and fat storage capacity) also have, in
part, a genetic. The investigation of the genetic factors responsible for
obesity is still in its infancy. at least 20 different genes appear to be
associated with it.
Dietary factors. To become obese, overeating
necessary regarding the energy requirements or consuming too much fat in
relation to the ability to use. This excess supply is enhanced by the quantity
and nature of food available, but also by family and cultural habits that lead
to eating beyond satiety. The evolution of lifestyles in industrialized countries
is manifested by an increase in consumption of sugars and especially fat. Simultaneously
acquiring welfare (lifts, transport and heating) helps reduce physical activity
and energy expenditure.
Psychological factors. Depression, anxiety often occur, as
compensation, a tendency to overeat or decrease the degree of activity.Depression,
anxiety often occur, as compensation, a tendency to overeat or decrease the
degree of activity.
Diet
Obesity treatment is to
maintain a balanced diet that limits the intake of calories (decrease fat
intake and often sugars).
This diet should be
accompanied by information and nutrition education. Strict diets produce quick
weight loss, but do not give the best long-term results.
Obesity is a difficult disease
to treat and relapses are frequent. Treatment requires active participation of
the patient, you should get medical care and long-term monitoring. Before
starting the treatment, the doctor and the patient set a goal, you must be
realistic and that is usually less than what the patient wants. but even moderate
(the order of 10 to 15% of initial weight), any thinning is beneficial to the
health of obese and significantly decreases the risk of obesity-related
diseases.
