Metabolism

It is named for the whole complicated set of physical-chemical and biological processes are nutrition and generate energy in the body.

The living being, as well as vitamins, minerals and water and minimal wear to replenish proteins, requires an amount of calories equivalent to those produced by being oxidized, burned fats, carbohydrates and proteins themselves entering with food.

On average, an adult at rest and fasting, exudes a kilocalorie or "large calorie", per kilogram of weight and time. But this amount increases with the influence of different factors: sex, height, age, constitution, environment, and especially exercise.

For you see the value of exercise in energy production, see these rough data calculated for a normal adult:

At rest                                                    1400-1500 calories

Life complete sedentary                      1900-2000 calories

Job Light (writer)                                 2100-2000 calories

Job medium (mechanical)                   2700-2800 calories

Job heavy (load and

Download city)                                      3000-3500 calories

Job heavy

(Charger Dock)                                     3600-3900 calories

If the heat release is higher than income food we have produced, the body slimming. Otherwise fattening.

In general, we can balance the balance in two ways:

a) Either reducing food intake to be stored for not being able to stay over after burning energy needs (calories).

b) Or, in other words, increasing the heat release, increasing metabolism, for example, active exercise.

c) Or a combination of both procedures.

Here is an outline to organize the weight maintenance plan

In addition, we know that:

1 gram of fat (oils, tallow, lard, etc.). Produce 9,3 lime. approx.

1 gram carbohydrates (starches, flours, sugar, etc.). Produce 4,1 lime. approx.

1 gram of albuminous (proteins) (meat, eggs, fish) produces 4,3 lime. approx.

Given that our body constantly removed nitrogen as early ureas, and that this element is only contain the protein, is necessary replacement of that loss with these to prevent antofagia.

The minimum protein is considered by physiologists 1 gram per kilogram body weight daily. This fact, together with what we have said about calorie consumption 1 kilo and hour under basal calls (fast idle) allows us to set a power type.

For a normal individual, healthy, about 65 kilos of weight, assuming that its regular method develops life or current moderate exercise, you will need about 2,600 and 2,800 calories a minimum of 70 grams protein.

Calories could supply them with 300 grams of fat or with 650-670 grams of carbohydrates, but other than that those diets unilateral, exclusive, no need to bring with us the minimum protein, we also would be indigestible and monotonous.

If power to the base only did albumins, really minimal exceed protein, but not be easily digested large amounts (on the other hand, poorly used) of albumins would be needed to meet the caloric requirements to achieve (up to 650 grams) , and might disturb not only the digestive, if not other organs - especially kidneys - apart from the diet in this form devoid of the vitamins and minerals needed also.

Therefore, a diet should always be mixed and as such amount shall contain 48 to 50% of carbohydrates, the remainder being shared between fat (25 -38%) and protein (14 -25%), so that calories contribute at a rate of 2/5 of the total with the first, other 2/5 or something else with the rest fats and protein, these must have a minimum of 70 grams.

For adult weight of 65 kilos, to which we referred, with a life subjected to moderate exercise (that requires 2600-2800 calories) your bill will be approximately:

                                              

                                                    Weight                                              calories

Carbohydrates                         210-220 gr. (50%)                           2/5 - (900 -1000)

Fats                                         120-125 gr. (25 -35%)                     2/5 - (1100-1200)

Protein                                       70-125 gr. (15 -25%)                     1/5 - (300 -600)

Total                                        400-465 gr. (100%)                          5/5 - (2300 -2800)

And of course is: who wants to lose weight should decrease the amounts, and proceed in reverse, which need to be thin to improve your weight, taking into account:

That proteins should not decrease below 70 grams.

That fat after being chemically unfolded by the digestive process, partly burn - fat energy - and partly stored - reserve fat -. (In obese may be a metabolic disturbance whereby nearly all the fats would become reservation.)

That carbohydrates, also disintegrated by digestion, in part, supply calories and the rest replenishes liver glycogen and muscles, but intervening in the metabolism of fats (which, without carbohydrates, would trigger the formation of ketone bodies: acetone and acidosis) contribute so very direct to fatness, both or more that fats same.

"In conclusion"

The metabolism may have a negative balance, normal or positive.

Should be examined frequently and critical look at the mirror and on the scale, to know which is the case of each.

negative balance

The fat that is formed under the skin is low (it is ascertained fingers catching a fold of skin large abdomen), decreasing the contribution be lower metabolic destruction (lack of income requires consumption of booking) : The individual is decidedly thin: lose weight gradually.

Normal Balance

Both processes - supply and destruction - is in equilibrium. The body is provided. The weight remains constant or with small ups and downs.

positive balance

The fat tends to increase contribution wholesale destruction. The individual fat gradually. Its weight is increased even more.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

Origin of fatness

There are many physicians who are convinced that they are obese by eating more food than they should on their usual diet, and yet, many fat people assure us that "just eat", that "dinner" or "breakfast" ...

We believe it. May now be temperate. But the obese generally eat more than you need and always can be shown that, looking back, spent time longer or shorter eating too much, and it probably disturb its ability to seize food that instead of producing energy, tend to accumulate as fat reserves.

Hereditary obesity

Neurogenetics transmission of obesity where noted in the human race seems demonstrable, although if possible predisposition to defects arising or metabolic disorders that ultimately lead to obesity.

It is also possible that heredity involved in certain diseases that lead to obesity. One might ask then that is what is inherited in obesity. It is very possible that it is a metabolic disorder, which would not be an inborn error of metabolism, but rather adaptive or subject to a number of circumstances favoring.

“There is no doubt about family obesities.

In our statistic represents a percentage of 40 per 100 and possibly further insisting on questioning, is very likely to increase the proportion. It is very possible that there is a tendency for families to eat together in abundance, in the same way you have predisposition for art or mathematics. "

Addiction fattening

At dusk feel irresistible desire to eat meals and snacks and even without hunger ingest ...

 Circadian rhythm of serotonin and addictive impulses.

The obese do not eat willingly, but compelled by forces addictive then seize them and imposed on carbohydrates the most fattening hours. This behavior, typical of such obese due to oscillations having brain serotonin throughout the day.

This chemical substance has antidepressant effects, and its secretion fluctuates repeatedly every 24 hours, receiving the designation of circadian rhythms, ie rhythms repeated every day.

Serotonin secretion is controlled by two brain regions: the hypothalamus and the pineal gland, also called << the third eye >> that work to the rhythm of day and night, in accordance with the rays of light and darkness.

Serotonin remains high for much of the night. At dawn, begins a gradual decline and about four in the afternoon, serotonin levels suffer a sharp fall.

As this substance has antidepressant effects that give joy, happiness and tranquility its descent at sunset causes sadness, loneliness, helplessness, anxiety and nervousness.

Fat Brain

Circadian rhythms or daily oscillations of serotonin are more abrupt in fat than lean people, which modulates addictive impulses toward food and especially to carbohydrates.

At dawn serotonin levels are very high, which causes them great rejection and hatred they feel toward breakfast.

At sunset show a marked decrease in serotonin causes them an irresistible desire or impulse to carbohydrates.

This rejection breakfast and food addiction at sunset is what is called << fat brain >>.

The sweets as antidepressants

The sadness of the sharp drop in serotonin in the evenings immediately reversed when we eat chocolate or other candy.

The bread, sweets and generally all carbohydrates raise serotonin instantly, turn sadness into joy and happiness. It is believed that obese use these antidepressant and sedative properties of the sweets and starches to relieve their worries and anxieties.

Thin people are different, only eat when hungry and not for addiction to flour. No eating comfort their sorrows, in fact at times of stress is at least eat. The thin almost never feel irresistible desire to eat meals; phenomenon when viewed in the obese.

Serotonin is obese antidepressive

Insulin rises when eating sweets or flours, as well as metabolize sugar facilitates entry of tryptophan into the brain. Tryptophan is an amino acid once inside the brain becomes serotonin.

The excessive elevation of insulin that occurs in obese when they consume carbohydrates, also causes a greater rise in brain serotonin and increased antidepressant effect. This perpetuates the addiction that the obese have for meals and sweets.

Among the carbohydrates, chocolates are those which exert a driving better antidepressant effect because insulin crest, and has a high tryptophan content.

Addiction sequence

The sequence of addiction is evident in the story of Rosa, who since childhood has suffered serious problems of obesity. She almost never ate breakfast, then wake up not feeling hungry, even when I saw others experiencing rejection breakfast and nausea.

So great was his aversion to attending the breakfast fasting work. At noon he had no great desire to eat and lunched anything, but at sunset, about four, everything changed; perceived a great unease, a mixture of sadness with anxiety, and a desire for sweets, rolls, biscuits and chocolates.

This impulse addictive nature, which every evening dominated Rosa, was stronger than his desire to lose weight. Meals and delicious treats seemed, took pleasure and tranquility with only try, said that ingesting a << Dulcet returned the soul and joy >>. Moments after eating the treats, calm and happiness were interrupted by feelings of guilt.

Rosa could not understand why he had ingested the fattening foods. He wondered: << what if both want to lose weight, then? ... Why every afternoon I am tempted? Why I've made that mistake? >>.

At dawn the next day he hated the food again. He fasted and promised to herself: << if this afternoon I see a muffin or a chocolate, I'm sure I will not touch >>.

But in the evenings all the promises fade, just as it looked a chocolate into his mouth, and though for a moment he felt pleasure, soon overcame her guilt and worse every day was fatter.

It is clear that Rosa was addictive in a sequence that required her to eat carbs in the evening and that this addiction was responsible for their obesity.

Interrupted their diets abruptly a few weeks after starting them, unfortunately eating candy and cookies. When looked obese again started another diet, but also eating meals left as untimely. Rosa always had the suspicion that diets exacerbate their addiction for sweets.

1. Aversion for breakfast

In obese morning the high serotonin levels promote a rejection breakfast.

When you wake up feeling nauseated, disgusted and repulsed by food. This repulsion is why many obese morning decided at that time to not eat all day.

Not imagine that four Evening at things can change.

2. Sadness and addiction at sunset

Serotonin in the obese suffer a marked decrease at sunset.

Displayed a sense of sadness, depression and anxiety, along with an intense and uncontrollable desire to eat meals and sweets.

At this time, the only see candy or chocolate gives them an attraction so intense that forced to eat, even against your desire to lose weight.

3. Pleasure

Once ingested Dulcet, brain serotonin amounts immediately, then feel pleasure, anxiety disappears, sadness turns to joy, peace and quiet. Not surprisingly some call serotonin << the key to paradise >>.

4. Fault

But all is pleasure ... because once that serotonin has reached high levels in the brain, addictive forces disappear and then begin the unanswered questions: << because I take the sweet mouth?>> but unfortunately by then it's too late.

5. The next day

Upon waking, serotonin is elevated again and then say: << Tonight, if I see a bread, candy or chocolate, I'm sure I will not eat >>.

Pero una cosa es lo que dicen en la mañana, cuando la serotonina se encuentra elevada, y otra cosa muy diferente ocurre al atardecer, cuando los niveles de serotonina descienden.

Addiction is exacerbated by diet

Addiction is compounded when the obese begin a low calorie diet, which usually also low in carbohydrates.

As is the case with Rosa that when you start a diet, the forces that forced her to eat sweets and treats at sunset were becoming stronger and irresistible, a diet low in flour and sweet accentuated the decrease in serotonin, dilating addiction and the desire to eat meals and sweets.

When towards a low-carb diet, the desire to eat meals, chocolates or candies are intensified and it was difficult to control, so that even without seeing the flour or candy, it would pursue and diet abruptly broke binge eating at all what prohibited.

The results of carbohydrate restricted diets are disappointing because in the end, as with Rosa, all leave the diet, regain their weight and end up more addicted and more overweight than before the diet.

Obesity acquired

In this section we can cite the localized fat that is implanted in the thighs, breasts, female pelvis. Obesity of married women, mainly.

There are psychological and environmental causes of obesity, local or general, such as "Stay widowed," or widow marital discord (infidelity, jealousy) meter loving nun family dislikes of economic, sexual impotence, trouble with parents because groom, marital separation, anger courtship, husband flees from home with another woman suspected husband illegitimate children, an abortion for not wanting a child, etc.., etc.. "

Other causes puberty, pregnancy, mining operations and matrix ovaries, menopause, menstrual disorders, breastfeeding.

A grief, simple concerns or insomnia, cause catastrophic fats. The strangest of these cases was reported by a medical specialist hospital in Paris, who had occasion to examine a 27 year old who started gaining weight in dramatic circumstances. Without knowing just drive, hit a tree with the car of his uncle, who had taken surreptitiously from the garage.

Filled with terror, abandoning the remains of the car on the road and took refuge in a shelter, where he remained hidden for four days, after which he saw with amazement that his clothing had been narrow and impossible to fasten your trousers. Six weeks later, weight had increased dramatically, and he kept gaining weight.

It seems, therefore, that regardless of the food consumed in moderation or excess, sometimes our body follows its own "fancy" for it somehow.

"Despite the regime, my body does what it wants", complain many.

It should, however, remember first of all that modern studies have shown that severe dietary restriction always makes losing weight an obese, like every individual, thin or thick, whatever the cause and the mechanism of its fat. Does this mean that obesity is linked solely to an imbalance mathematician, a balance between inputs and food calorie drinks? If so overeating and a sedentary lifestyle would be solely responsible for obesity.

There is in this view a good deal of truth, because in times of scarcity, the chubby and obese weight decrease in majority, but extremely variable number of kilos as individuals.

All statistics bear this out. Conversely, a forced feeding well assimilated and makes us fat. However, not all are equal before obesity. In normal life, an obese has its weight, it can not exceed, each slim figure has its limits.